Hauv cov txheej txheem kev sib cais membrane, siab - siab membranes sib txawv ntawm cov pa uas tsis tshua muaj - siab membranes nyob rau hauv ntau yam vim lawv qhov tshwj xeeb kev ua hauj lwm qhov chaw thiab daim ntawv thov scenarios. Cov kev sib txawv no tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam txog kev khiav hauj lwm thiab kev muaj peev xwm sib cais, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv kev xaiv cov khoom siv, kev tsim qauv, thiab cov khoom siv. Qhia meej txog qhov sib txawv no pab rau kev xaiv kom raug thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qub.
Thawj qhov sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv kev khiav hauj lwm siab. Siab - cov ntaub ntawv siab feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab ntawm ob peb megapascals lossis siab dua kom kov yeej lub siab osmotic siab lossis ua tiav nyob ze - ua tiav cov kua nplaum tuav, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv thim rov qab osmosis thiab siab - cov txheej txheem nanofiltration; thaum qis- cov pa hauv siab feem ntau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv 0.1-0.5 megapascal ntau, haum rau microfiltration, ultrafiltration zoo tib yam, los yog ntxhib sib cais ntawm qis - concentration daws. High- lub zog tsav tso cai rau cov membranes los daws cov kev daws teeb meem nrog cov ntsev ntau heev lossis cov kua qaub siab, thaum qis- cov ntaub ntawv siab dua yog qhov tsim nyog rau qis -viscosity, qis- fouling load daim ntawv thov.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov qauv yog qhov sib npaug. High-pressure membranes typically use highly cross-linked aromatic polyamides or composite films for their separation layers, resulting in a dense structure and high mechanical strength, reinforced with a support layer to withstand high-pressure deformation. Tsawg- cov ntaub ntawv siab, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov pore loj, xws li cellulose acetate thiab polysulfone, nrog cov qauv kev txhawb nqa yooj yim. Cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm siab - siab membranes ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv kev kub ntxhov thiab tshuaj lom neeg corrosion, thaum qis - lub siab membranes tsom rau txo nqi thiab nce flux.
Kev sib cais precision thiab kev tuav pov hwm kev ua tau zoo kuj tseem muaj qhov sib txawv meej. Siab - cov ntaub ntawv siab tuaj yeem ua tiav ion rejection tus nqi ntau dua 99%, nthuav tawm cov peev xwm thaiv tau zoo heev rau cov ions ntau yam, macromolecules, thiab cov kab mob; qis- cov pa hauv siab feem ntau vam khom lub cev sieving, nrog rau qhov hnyav molecular txiav los ntawm ntau txhiab mus rau ntau pua txhiab Daltons, ua rau lawv tsis tsim nyog rau siab desalination lossis siab -purity yuav tsum.
Qhov no ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv hauv daim ntawv thov scenarios. High-cov ntaub ntawv siab yog cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev xaiv rau seawater desalination, xoom tso tawm ntawm siab- dej qab ntsev, thiab siab- kawg tshuaj purification; qis- cov pa hauv siab yog siv ntau dua rau kev kho dej haus, kev pom thawj zaug hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab, thiab kev qhia meej thiab kev xav hauv cov khoom noj thiab dej haus.
Tsis tas li ntawd, siab -siab daim nyias nyias muaj cov kev cai nruj dua hais txog fouling kuj thiab washability, raws li qhov siab - ib puag ncig siab exacerbates txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv daim nyias nyias pores. Cov tswv yim tu thiab tu lub voj voog yog li sib txawv.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, siab - siab membranes thiab qis - siab membranes yog kom meej meej sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ntsuas siab, cov khoom siv, kev sib cais qhov tseeb, thiab daim ntawv thov ntau yam. Qhov kev sib txawv no txiav txim siab txog lawv qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev tshwj xeeb hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam sib txawv, muab ntau yam -theem kev txhawb nqa rau kev sib cais engineering.
